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1.
Braz. j. med. biol. res ; 52(10): e8491, 2019. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1039254

ABSTRACT

Considering the recognized role of thyroid hormones on the cardiovascular system during health and disease, we hypothesized that type 2 deiodinase (D2) activity, the main activation pathway of thyroxine (T4)-to-triiodothyronine (T3), could be an important site to modulate thyroid hormone status, which would then constitute a possible target for β-adrenergic blocking agents in a myocardial infarction (MI) model induced by left coronary occlusion in rats. Despite a sustained and dramatic fall in serum T4 concentrations (60-70%), the serum T3 concentration fell only transiently in the first week post-infarction (53%) and returned to control levels at 8 and 12 weeks after surgery compared to the Sham group (P<0.05). Brown adipose tissue (BAT) D2 activity (fmol T4·min-1·mg ptn-1) was significantly increased by approximately 77% in the 8th week and approximately 100% in the 12th week in the MI group compared to that of the Sham group (P<0.05). Beta-blocker treatment (0.5 g/L propranolol given in the drinking water) maintained a low T3 state in MI animals, dampening both BAT D2 activity (44% reduction) and serum T3 (66% reduction in serum T3) compared to that of the non-treated MI group 12 weeks after surgery (P<0.05). Propranolol improved cardiac function (assessed by echocardiogram) in the MI group compared to the non-treated MI group by 40 and 57%, 1 and 12 weeks after treatment, respectively (P<0.05). Our data suggested that the beta-adrenergic pathway may contribute to BAT D2 hyperactivity and T3 normalization after MI in rats. Propranolol treatment maintained low T3 state and improved cardiac function additionally.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Propranolol/administration & dosage , Thyroxine/blood , Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism , Adrenergic beta-Agonists/administration & dosage , Iodide Peroxidase/metabolism , Myocardial Infarction/metabolism , Thyroxine/drug effects , Triiodothyronine/drug effects , Triiodothyronine/blood , Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects , Rats, Wistar , Disease Models, Animal , Iodide Peroxidase/drug effects
2.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 68(6): 1673-1680, nov.-dez. 2016. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-827920

ABSTRACT

Foi conduzido um ensaio de digestibilidade para determinar o valor nutritivo do resíduo desidratado de cervejaria (RDC) e outro para verificar o desempenho de coelhos em crescimento alimentados com rações contendo diferentes níveis de RDC e a viabilidade econômica da utilização do RDC. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados 20 coelhos, de ambos os sexos, da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, com idade média de 45 dias, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com dois tratamentos, sendo uma dieta referência e outra dieta teste, na qual o RDC substituiu a ração referência em nível de 30%. Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) da matéria seca (MS), da energia bruta (EB), da proteína bruta (PB) do RDC foram de 49,97%, 49,34%, e 71,06%, respectivamente, com valores de energia digestível (ED) e proteína digestível (PD) do RDC, com base na matéria seca, de 2330,60kcal/kg e 15,75%. No experimento de desempenho, foram avaliadas rações com níveis de inclusão de RDC de 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% e 25%. Foram utilizados 120 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, 60 machos e 60 fêmeas, com 32 dias de idade, em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com seis tratamentos e 10 repetições, sendo a unidade experimental constituída por dois animais. Não foram observadas diferenças no desempenho dos coelhos alimentados com ração contendo níveis crescentes de RDC, exceto para a conversão alimentar aos 70 dias, que apresentou efeito quadrático no período dos 32 aos 70 dias de idade, com a pior conversão alimentar ao nível de 16,95% de RDC. No entanto, houve redução linear nos custos com alimentação, por quilo de ganho de peso dos animais. Conclui-se que o resíduo desidratado de cervejaria apresenta CDA equivalente aos ingredientes convencionais, podendo ser incluído até o nível máximo estudado de 25% nas rações de coelhos em crescimento, sem prejudicar o desempenho.(AU)


Two experiments were conducted, being a digestibility assay in order to determine the nutritive value of dehydrated diets containing different levels of DBR, and the economic viability of the use of DRC brewer residue (DBR) and other assays to verify the performance of growing rabbits fed. In the digestibility experiment, twenty White New Zealand rabbits were used, with an average age of 45 days, of both genders, distributed in a completely randomized design with four treatments, one reference diet and other test diets, in which the DBR replaced the basal diet at 30% level. The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter (DM), gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) of DBR were, respectively, 49.97%, 49.34% and 71.06%. The values of digestible energy (DE) and digestible protein (DP) of the DBR, based on dry matter, were 2330.60kcal/kg and 15.75%. In the performance experiment, diets with levels of DBR inclusion of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% were evaluated. One hundred and twenty 32 days old New Zealand White rabbits were used, being 60 males and 60 females, distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and ten replicates, and the experimental unit consisted of two animals. No differences (P>0.05) were observed in the performance of rabbits fed diets containing increasing levels of dehydrated brewer residue, except for feed conversion at 70 days which presented a quadratic effect, with the worst results at the level of 16.95% of the DBR inclusion in the diet. It is concluded that the dehydrated brewer residue has good nutritional value and can be included up to the maximum level studied of 25% in the diets of growing rabbits, with no damage to its performance.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Animal Feed/analysis , Brewery , Industrial Waste/analysis , Nutritive Value , Growth and Development
3.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 67(1): 109-118, 2/2015. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-741108

ABSTRACT

Avaliaram-se as características quantitativas e qualitativas do sêmen de coelhos alimentados com uma ração referência e outra ração formulada com 79,83% de subprodutos de mandioca. Utilizaram-se 20 reprodutores da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, com idade média inicial de sete meses, alojados individualmente em gaiolas e distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, com duas dietas e dez repetições. Realizaram-se dez colheitas de sêmen por animal durante seis meses. Avaliaram-se o volume de sêmen sem gel e volume de gel, cor do sêmen, pH, motilidade espermática progressiva, vigor espermático, concentração espermática, número de espermatozoides no ejaculado, espermatozoides normais, anormais e anormalidades primárias e secundárias. O volume de sêmen sem gel, o índice de normalidade, as anormalidades primárias e secundárias foram iguais (P>0,05) para os animais alimentados com a ração referência e a com subprodutos de mandioca. Os demais parâmetros do sêmen foram melhores (P<0,05) nos animais tratados com a ração com subprodutos de mandioca. Os resultados das características quali-quantitativas do sêmen dos coelhos da Raça Nova Zelândia Branco demonstram que é possível utilizar ração com 79,83% do volume da formulação com subprodutos de mandioca, na dieta de reprodutores, sem prejuízos nas características do sêmen, desde que observados os níveis reduzidos de taninos e ácido cianídrico.


The quantitative and qualitative rabbit semen characteristics fed with a reference diet and a diet formulated with 79.83% of cassava by-products were evaluated. 20 New Zealand White rabbit bucks, with initial average age of seven months were used, individually allocated and distributed in a completely ramdomized design, with two diets (treatments) and ten replications. The ten semen collections per animal were taken during six months. The evaluated parameters were: semen volume without gel and gel volume, color of semen, pH, spermatic progressive motility, spermatic vigor, spermatic concentration, spermatozoa number in the ejaculation, normal spermatozoa, abnormal and primary and secondary abnormalities spermatozoa. The semen volume without gel, the normal spermatozoa, primary and secondary abnormalities spermatozoa were similar (P>0.05) to the animals fed with cassava by-products diet and reference diet. Other semen parameters were better (P<0.05) in the animals fed with the cassava by-products diet. The results of the quali-quantitative characteristics of the semen from New Zealand White rabbits showed that it is possible to use diets containing 79.83% of inclusion of cassava by-products in the diet of rabbit bucks, without affecting semen characteristics, since we observed the reduced level of tannins and hydrocyanic acid.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rabbits , Semen Analysis/statistics & numerical data , Semen Analysis/veterinary , Animal Feed/analysis , Rabbits , Manihot/chemistry
4.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 64(6): 1723-1731, Dec. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-660245

ABSTRACT

Dois experimentos foram conduzidos com o objetivo de determinar a energia digestível da glicerina semipurificada vegetal e mista e o desempenho de coelhos em crescimento alimentados com dietas contendo os coprodutos. No ensaio de digestibilidade, foram utilizados 108 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, com 45 dias de idade, distribuídos ao acaso em nove tratamentos (0, 4, 8, 12 e 16% de inclusão de glicerina vegetal e mista na dieta), com 12 repetições. Para o ensaio de desempenho, utilizaram-se 180 coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia Branco, dos 32 aos 70 dias de idade, distribuídos ao acaso em arranjo fatorial 2 x 4 (dois tipos de glicerina e quatro porcentagens de inclusão: 3, 6, 9 e 12%) mais uma dieta referência, com 10 repetições e dois animais por unidade experimental. Glicerinas vegetal e mista apresentaram energia digestível de 4.048 e 3.697kcal/kg MS, respectivamente. Entre 32 e 50 dias de idade dos coelhos, a dieta com 12% de glicerina mista prejudicou (P<0,05) o ganho de peso (32,14 g/dia), a conversão alimentar (3,57) e o custo por quilo de ganho de peso (R$ 2,08) em relação à dieta referência (39,42g/dia, 2,87 e R$1,69, respectivamente). Dos 32 aos 70 dias, o ganho de peso (30,11g/dia) e a conversão alimentar (3,99) dos animais que receberam 12% de glicerina mista na dieta foram piores (P<0,05) em relação aos da dieta referência (34,00g/dia e 3,65, respectivamente). Para as características de desempenho, dos 32 aos 70 dias, não foram verificadas diferenças (P>0,05) entre a inclusão de glicerina vegetal na dieta e a dieta referência, porém a maior viabilidade econômica (P<0,05) foi com 12% de inclusão (R$1,89 x R$2,15, respectivamente). A glicerina vegetal pode ser incluída em até 12% da dieta e a mista, em até 9%, diminuindo o custo de produção sem afetar o desempenho animal.


Two trials were conducted with the goal of determining the digestible energy of vegetal and mixed semi purified glycerin and the performance of growing rabbits fed with diets containing the byproducts. In the digestibility assay 108 New Zealand White rabbits, 45 days old, were used, assigned in a completely randomized design into nine treatments (0, 4, 8, 12 and 16% of glycerins inclusion), with 12 replications. The treatment with 0% of glycerin inclusion was considered the reference diet. In the performance assay, 180 New Zealand White rabbits, 32 to 70 days of age, were assigned to a completely randomized design into a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement (two types of glycerin and four percentages of inclusion: 3, 6, 9 and 12%) plus a reference diet and ten replications with two animals per experimental unit. Vegetal and mixed glycerin showed a digestible energy of 4,048 and 3,697 kcal/kg of dry matter, respectively. From 32 to 50 days of age, the diet with 12% of mixed glycerin affected (P<0.05) weight gain (32.14g/day), feed conversion (3.57) and cost per kilo of weight gain (R$2.08) in relation to the reference diet (39.42g/day, 2.87 and R$ 1.69, respectively). From 32 to 70 days, weight gain (30.11g/day) and feed conversion (3.99) of the animals fed with the diet containing 12% of mixed glycerin were worst (P<0.05) in relation to the reference diet (34.00 g/day and 3.65, respectively). Regarding characteristics of animal performance, from 32 to 70 days, no differences (P>0.05) were observed between the inclusion of vegetal glycerin in the diet and the reference diet, but better economic viability was verified (P<0.05) with the diet containing 12% of vegetal glycerin (R$1.89 x R$2.15, respectively). Vegetal glycerin can be included up to 12% in the diet and mixed up to 9%, reducing production cost without affecting animal performance.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Animal Feed , Diet/veterinary , Glycerol/analysis , Glycerol/metabolism , Weight Gain/physiology
5.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 62(5): 1232-1240, out. 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-570484

ABSTRACT

Estudou-se a influência da fibra oriunda de diferentes fontes - feno de alfafa, polpa de cítrus e casca de soja - sobre o desempenho, coeficientes de digestibilidade, parâmetros sanguíneos e características da carne de coelhos submetidos às dietas experimentais. Os animais foram distribuídos em três tratamentos, que consistiram de: FA - ração-controle, com feno de alfafa; PC - substituição total do feno de alfafa por polpa de cítrus; e CS - substituição total do feno de alfafa por casca de soja. As diferentes frações da fibra advindas da polpa de cítrus e da casca de soja não influenciaram o desempenho dos animais aos 89 dias e mostram que esses ingredientes podem ser utilizados como substitutos do feno de alfafa na dieta de coelhos. A qualidade de fibra da polpa de cítrus reduziu os níveis séricos de triacilglicerol, colesterol e hemoglobina dos animais. A baixa quantidade de lignina em relação à celulose e à hemicelulose da casca de soja propiciou melhor coeficiente de digestibilidade dos nutrientes e maior maciez da carne, porém menor deposição proteica quando comparada com a dieta com polpa de cítrus.


The influence of fiber - alfalfa hay, citrus pulp, and soybean hulls - in diets of rabbits was studied on performance, digestibility coefficients, blood parameters, and meat characteristics. The animals were allotted into three treatments that consisted in: control diet, with alfalfa hay; total substitution of alfalfa hay by citrus pulp; and total substitution of alfalfa hay by soybean hulls. The different fiber fractions from citrus pulp and soybean hulls did not affect animal performance at the 89th day; thus, these ingredients can be used as substitute of alfalfa hay on diet of rabbits. Fiber quality of citrus pulp decreased blood triacylglycerol, cholesterol, and hemoglobin levels. Lower amount of lignin in relation to cellulose and hemicellulose of soybean hulls provided better nutrient digestibility coefficients and higher tenderness meat, however, lower protein deposition when compared with the citrus pulp diet.


Subject(s)
Animals , Citrus , Rabbits/blood , Dietary Fiber/administration & dosage , Food Quality
6.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 12(supl.1): 34-35, 2002. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-528739

ABSTRACT

The cardiovascular effects induced by the aqueous fraction of the ethanol extract of the stem (AFS) of Solanum stipulaceum Roem. & Schult were studied in rats. In non-anesthetized rats, AFS injections produced significant and dosedependent hypotension associated with increase in heart rate. In isolated rat superior mesenteric rings, AFS was able to antagonize the contractions induced by phenylephrine and KCl. The vasorelaxant activity of AFS was not inhibited by either removal of vascular endothelium, L-NAME, atropine or indomethacine. In isolated rat atrial preparations, AFS produced concentration-related negative inotropic and chronotropic responses. These results suggest that the hypotensive effect of AFS is due to a peripheral vasodilation, which can not be attributed to the participation of vascular endothelium. Finally, AFS acts directly on the heart decreasing contractility and heart rate.

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